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Swiss Narcolepsy Scale (SNS)

A validated screening tool to help recognize narcolepsy with cataplexy.25,26 Using the SNS, the patient rates the frequency of symptomatic manifestations on a 5-point scale, and the total score is calculated based on a weighted equation.25,26 A calculated SNS score <0 is suggestive of narcolepsy with cataplexy.25,26 In 1 study, an SNS score <0 was shown to have a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 98% for narcolepsy with cataplexy.26 However, the SNS is a screening tool and is not diagnostic.25

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  2. Ahmed I, Thorpy M. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy. Clin Chest Med. 2010;31(2):371-381.
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  4. Stedman's Medical Dictionary Online. Stedmansonline.com 2020. Accessed June 11, 2020.
  5. Stanford Center for Narcolepsy. Narcolepsy Research - FAQs. http://med.stanford.edu/narcolepsy/faq1.html#3. Accessed June 28, 2018.
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  9. Guilleminault C, Brooks SN. Excessive daytime sleepiness: a challenge for the practising neurologist. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 8):1482-1491.
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  11. Green PM, Stillman MJ. Narcolepsy. Signs, symptoms, differential diagnosis, and management. Arch Fam Med. 1998;7(5):472-478.
  12. Collop NA, Anderson WM, Boehlecke B, et al; Portable Monitoring Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guidelines for the use of unattended portable monitors in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adult patients. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(7):737-747.
  13. Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, et al. Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(3):479-504.
  14. España RA, Scammell TE. Sleep neurobiology from a clinical perspective. Sleep. 2011;34(7):845-858.
  15. Scammell TE. Narcolepsy. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(27):2654-2662.
  16. Mahlios J, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Mignot E. The autoimmune basis of narcolepsy. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013;23(5):767-773.
  17. Mignot E. History of narcolepsy at Stanford University. Immunol Res. 2014;58(2-3):315-339.
  18. Littner MR, Kushida C, Wise M, et al. Practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test. Sleep. 2005;28(1):113-121.
  19. Kushida CA, Littner MR, Morgenthaler T, et al. Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005. Sleep. 2005;28(4):499-521.
  20. Plazzi G, Serra L, Ferri R. Nocturnal aspects of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep Med Rev. 2008;12(2):109-128.
  21. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW. Control of sleep and wakefulness. Physiol Rev. 2012;92(3):1087-1187.
  22. Roth T, Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, et al. Disrupted nighttime sleep in narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9(9):955-965.
  23. Dauvilliers Y, Lopez R. Parasomnias in narcolepsy with cataplexy. In: Baumann CR, Bassetti CL, Scammell TE, eds. Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media; 2011:291-300.
  24. Andlauer O, Moore H, Jouhier L, et al. Nocturnal rapid eye movement sleep latency for identifying patients with narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(7):891-902.
  25. Bassetti CL. Spectrum of narcolepsy. In: Baumann CR, Bassetti CL, Scammell TE, eds. Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC; 2011:309-319.
  26. Sturzenegger C, Bassetti CL. The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res. 2004;13(4):395-406.
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